A brief history of the creation and development of one of the leading chemical engineering universities in Russia – MITHT named after M.V. Lomonosov, which celebrates its 125th anniversary in November 2025.

Department of Chemistry and Technology of Processing Plastics and Polymer Composites (KhTPP and PC) MITHT named after M.V. Lomonosov – history, people, science. Achievements over 65 years and plans for the future.

The paper considers the influence of geometric parameters of the structure of chopped silica fiber in a heat-resistant polymer composite press material based on an organosilicon matrix, which is condensation product of silanols obtained by hydrolysis from phenylsilanetriol and methylsilanetriol.

It has been shown that as the length of the short fiber increases, the strength, hardness, and elastic modulus increase, but at the same time, the technological efficiency of processing decreases and the porosity of the finished materials increases. The optimal length of silica fiber (about 25 mm) in organosilicon composite material has been established to obtain balanced technological, operational characteristics and processing by pressing.

The influence of structure on the rheological properties of butadiene-styrene block copolymers of linear (DSTL 30-01), radial (DSTR 30-00) structure, as well as linear thermoplastic elastomer Kraton G 1650E (SEBS) with hydrogenated elastic block has been investigated by methods of infrared spectroscopy and rotorless rheometry. The flow curves of thermoplastic elastomers in the temperature range from 140°C to 190°C were obtained. It has been established that they are characterized by the effect of an extreme decrease in viscosity in the range from 155°C to 170°C, associated with a change in the physical state of the polystyrene phase and possible partial mutual dissolution of styrene and butadiene fragments.

The article discusses the fundamental patterns of constructing a free volume in a heterogeneous filler structure with different types of lattices and a polymer matrix when creating monolithic dispersed polymer composite materials (DFPCM) with specified properties.

For the first time, the basic patterns of designing and calculating compositions with a given type of heterogeneous structure of a dispersed filler (lattice) and a dispersed structure of DFPCM are presented at the quantitative level.

The relationship of the lattice parameters with the generalized parameters of the dispersed structure is established and a unified classification of DFPCM by types of structures is proposed.

A new approach to the design of structures and compositions opens up new opportunities for using digitalization to create DFPMS with a set of specified technological and operational properties.

The article presents data on the thermal decomposition of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) composites and halogen-free flame retardant fillers based on metal hydroxides (aluminum, magnesium, and calcium).

For each temperature range of the thermal decomposition of EVA, the content of water vapour volume necessary and sufficient for diluting the gas phase and obtaining a polymer composite material with reduced combustion resistance PV-0 was determined using the TG curves of metal hydroxides.

This article presents an analysis of the achievements in the field of chemistry and technology of organoelement compounds for the period from 1959 to the present.

It is shown that the combined ammonolysis of various organochlorosilanes allows to obtain polyorganosilazanes, which are used as heat-resistant cold-curing adhesives for siloxane rubbers; that compounds containing Si–N bonds allow to create materials capable of operating at high temperatures, possessing increased thermal and chemical resistance, high mechanical strength, high electrical insulation, semiconductor and other valuable properties. The resulting elastomers are used in radio electronics, electrical engineering, transport engineering, construction and medicine, and the synthesized carbaminosilanes are widely used as coupling agents for glass fiber in the production of fiberglass, vulcanizing agents and catalysts for curing silicone compositions, hardeners for epoxy resins, water repellents and as raw materials in the creation of materials suitable for use in gas-separating membrane technology.

The results of recent studies were: the development of a new, environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of silicon derivatives of amino alcohols and the creation of heat- and fi re-resistant casting compositions for sealing high-voltage and highfrequency equipment.

The features of the study of liquid polymer systems using the example of epoxy oligomers and their hardeners by relaxation spectrometry are considered. The criteria for selecting a carrier subsystem (substrate) for the composite system «substrate – liquid polymer system» are defined. Experimental and calculated data are presented for the epoxy polymer ED-20, the hardener TETA, and the cured system (ED-20 + TETA), with cellulose as the substrate.

One of the promising areas of recycling polyethylene and polypropylene is the production of foam materials for heat-insulation, sound-insulation, and packaging. This work focuses on the study of the technology of their foaming process.

The authors conducted research on the kinetics of foaming of molten mixtures of linear low-density polyethylene and block copolymer of propylene and ethylene of various compositions using azodicarbonamide. The obtained experimental results were mathematically processed using the proposed exponential model of this process, which allowed for a quantitative assessment of the kinetics of melt foaming.

Rheological studies were conducted to assess the effect of the viscosity of mixtures on the rate of foaming, and the highest Newtonian viscosities of the mixtures’ melts were determined. In a wide range of temperatures and compositions, a regular («asymptotic») pattern of the generalized dependence of the foaming rate of mixtures on the viscosity of their melts was observed. It is shown that the increased shape stability of foamed mixtures and their porous structure is due to the appearance during their cooling of a reinforcing polypropylene phase with a higher crystallization temperature in a foaming polymer melt with a lower crystallization temperature.

The main stages of the development of ideas about the processes leading to the strengthening of dispersed-filled polymer composite materials (PCM) are considered. The latest experimental data on the structure of filled PCM are presented, and ideas about the mechanism of their strengthening are formulated. The prospects of using inexpensive natural minerals as strengthening fillers for polymer matrices are shown, provided that strong chemical bonds are formed at the polymer-filler interface.

For the first time, it has been shown that the unified structure of reinforced polymer composite materials (RPCM) includes a heterogeneous structure of continuous fiber in space, free volume and a polymer matrix consisting of three functional components (B + M) + Θ, which determines both technological and operational properties. The relationship between the coordination number (Z) of the heterogeneous structure of continuous fiber and the parameters of the polymer matrix B and Θ has been established, which made it possible to propose a classification of RPCM by the structural principle using the parameters Z and Θ, which practically coincides with the data of the previously carried out classification by the reduced geometric parameter a_ср.f/d_f. The content of fibrous filler and the compositions of RPCM for different types of structures can be calculated using the proposed formulas and structural parameters Z and Θ, which simultaneously takes into account the construction of a heterogeneous 1D structure of continuous fiber and a polymer matrix.

The paper presents data on the creation of a high-tech, flame-retardant dispersed-filled polymer composite material (DFPCM) based on EVA grade 11306-075 and a dense composition mixture of flame retardants grades EP 20R and EP 2CA using a dispersant additive. The ratios of the components are calculated to obtain a dense composition of a mixture of EP 20R + EP 2C with a parameter φm equal to 0.68–0.72 v.

Calculations of the compositions of DFPCM with different types of lattices and dispersed structures were carried out. The effect of the dispersing additive on the technological and physical-mechanical properties of DFPCM was shown.

An optimal composition of high-tech, flame-retardant DFPCM based on CEVA and a mixture of EP 20R and EP 2SA brucites with a dispersing additive of the SPC 750U brand is proposed.

The main parameter for modeling various types of dispersed structure of polymer composite materials in accordance with the generalized model [1] is the maximum packing density of filler particles in volume (parameter φm, volume fraction).

The paper presents various methods for determining the maximum packing density of dispersed fillers: by bulk density, by compaction curve, by oil and oligomer capacity, and by porosity (three-concentration method) of the filled material. A comparative analysis of the results obtained for dispersed fillers based on silicon dioxide with different particle sizes was conducted, and recommendations were provided for selecting the methods for different fillers.

The results of a study of the effectiveness of reinforced vibration-absorbing coating based on a polyvinyl acetate fi lm with ultrahigh dissipative properties and a reinforcing layer of aluminum foil reinforced with an epoxy coating are presented.

Recycling of waste polymer materials, improving their characteristics during recycling – these issues are more relevant than ever. The change in the viscosity characteristics of ABS plastic as a result of several extrusion cycles, as well as the effect of reprocessing on the technological thermal stability of the polymer material have been studied. It was found that ABS plastic obtained from waste electronic and electrical equipment contains polyolefin components. Using a model system based on ABS plastic, the study examines the effect of modifiers on its main characteristics, taking into account the presence of a polyolefin component. The ways of effective modification of recycled polymer materials to improve their technological and strength characteristics are shown.