The paper presents the results of investigations on fi nding out the possibility of synthesis of powdered aromatic polyetheretherketones and copolyetheretherketones, combining solubility in some organic solvents and crystallinity. It has been shown that, in certain intervals of monomer content, it is possible to obtain copolyetheretherketones that have some crystallinity and remain soluble in some organic solvents. A simplifi ed method for obtaining aromatic polyetherketones and copolyaryleneetherketones has been developed. The high values of thermal and mechanical characteristics enable to recommend the obtained polyetheretherketones and copolyetheretherketones for forming special-purpose products using 3D-technologies.

Soluble polynaphthylimides not previously described were obtained by reacting 3,3'-diamino-4,4'-dichloroarylenes with aroylene-bis(naphthalic anhydrides) containing dichloroethylene, ether, and carbonyl groups. The infl uence of introduced chlorine atoms into aromatic nuclei, dichloroethylene, carbonyl and methylene groups between the phenyl nuclei of the central fragments of macromolecules on the solubility, thermal and strength properties of the synthesized polymers has been studied.

The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out by the method of thermochemical reduction of silver ions using 6-О-carboxymethyl chitin as a matrix and stabilizer. Based on the analysis of UV-VIS spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy data, it was possible to confi rm the presence of silver nanoparticles in the system, as well as to determine their size and shape. Using the FTIR spectroscopy, it was shown that the carboxyl groups of 6-O-carboxymethyl chitin are able to interact with positively charged clusters and atoms of the particle surface, ensuring their stabilization.

The physico-chemical properties of polyphenyleneesterformaloxymate (PEFO) and polyphenyleneetherarylateoxymate (PEAO) have been studied. It has been established that the synthesized PEFO and PEAO are resistant to aggressive media, are good electrical insulators, have high thermal stability and good dielectric characteristics.

A native potato starch was modififi ed with vinyl acetate by graft polymerization in alkaline medium with pH 10 in the mode of temperature change from 70 to 80°C for 4 hours. The initiator of the process was ammonium persulfate (NH₄)₂S₂O₈. The conversion of vinyl acetate was 91,5%. The chemical structure of graft copolymer (Starch:Vinyl acetate) was confifi rmed by IR-spectroscopy. Composite materials of modififi ed starch and triethyl citrate with tensile strength of 24 MPa were obtained. Under natural environmental conditions, materials undergo biodegradation of 96% in 28 days.

To increase the surface hydrophobicity of organic-inorganic copolymers containing nanostructured polytanoxide, they were modifified with flfluorine-containing monomers which were introduced into the composition of the monomer mixture, followed by polymerization-polycondensation. The flfluorinated monomers used were 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octaflfluoropentylacrylate, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hex aflfluoroisopropylacrylate, 2,2,3,3-tetraflfluoropropylmethacrylate. The surfaces of the synthesized terpolymers were examined by X-ray flfluorescence analysis and atomic force microscopy. The inflfluence of the nature of the third monomer on the content of titanium and flfluorine atoms in the surface layer and in the chips of the samples as well as on the topography of their surface was determined. The difference in the elemental composition affects the initial hydrophobicity of the samples surface and their ability to hydrophilize the surface under UV exposure. Terpolymers with 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexaflfluoroisopropylacrylate links exhibit the highest wetting angle - 102° - in the absence of UV exposure. However, the "hydrophobicity-hydrophilicity" switching mode is most clearly seen in the terpolymers with 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octaflfluoropentylacrylate links when the wetting angle can be reversibly changed from 86° to 10°.

Polylactic acid (polylactide) is the most widely used biodegradable polymer. To eliminate its brittleness and low flexibility, various approaches to plasticization are used, in particular, compounding with more flexible polymers. The possibilities of plasticizing polylactide with polycaprolactone and polybutylene adipate/terephthalate by mixing polymers in a solution with subsequent film formation have been studied as well as the thermophysical and mechanical characteristics of the resulting film materials have been studied. The effect of plasticizer additives on the phase structure of polylactide with a decrease in its crystallinity and crystallite perfection was found. Thus, a plasticizing effect with polylactide amorphization was observed. The flexibility of the materials increased, as evidenced by the increase in the relative elongation under tensile strain of the films.

The paper presents the results of a study of the effect of temperature and relative humidity of the environment on the structure of microporous films of copolymer P(VDF-TrFE) obtained by the phase-inversion method. It is shown that with increasing humidity the pore size of the film increases, while increasing temperature leads to their reduction. The optimal range of external environmental conditions for obtaining porous films with a honeycomb pattern is proposed. The influence of different solvents on the film porosity has been shown and it has been revealed that it is the low-temperature aprotic polar solvents (for example, acetone), unlike the high-temperature ones, that give the film porosity as a result of a higher solvent evaporation rate.

The ability of polyampholite hydrogels to form polymer-metal complexes, the structure of which was confirmed by IR spectroscopy, was studied. The results of equilibrium sorption treatment showed that Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions attach to the same active site, forming coordination complexes with Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions. It has been established that sorption proceeds according to the ion-exchange mechanism. It has been shown by thermogravimetry that the activation energy of the polymer-metal complexes PDA, BDA with Cu²⁺, and BDA with Ni²⁺ is reduced compared to the initial polymers.

New polyurethane compositions with polyols based on propylene glycol and glycerin have been studied. The technological parameters of the adhesive composition were determined: the start time, gelation time, and the adhesive life (tack-free) time. The composition for maximum elasticity of the adhesive line has been developed.

In the work, the influence of the shape of filler nanoparticles on the optimal size of agglomerates, at which the maximum level of impact strength of epoxy nanocomposites is achieved, is determined.

It is shown that the morphology of epoxy nanocomposites and the size of agglomerates in the epoxy oligomer, both at the nano- (up to ~ 100 nm) and micro-levels (up to ~ 390 nm), practically do not change during the curing process when the binder passes from the liquid to the solid state (matrix).

It has been established for the first time that the optimal physical and mechanical properties are achieved in nanodispersions and nanocomposites only when agglomerates of nanoparticles with a size of 180–280 nm are formed in the structure of epoxy nanocomposites.

Exemplifed by various grades of magnesium hydroxide used as halogen-free flame-retardant fillers, the regularities of the destruction and dehydration process depending on the size of the disperse phase particles – from large (45 microns) to nanoparticles (50–100 nm) – were considered for the first time.

By DTA and TGA methods, the effect of the size of magnesium hydroxide particles on the temperature of the beginning of decomposition, the temperature range of the dehydration reaction, the kinetics and volumes of water release, the thermal effects of the reaction and the formation of coke residue when exposed to high temperatures was established.

The analysis of the data obtained allows us to draw the main conclusion - the particle size of halogen-free fire-retardant fillers has a significant effect on the parameters and kinetics of the process of decomposition of magnesium hydroxide (the brucite mineral) at high temperatures, which must be taken into account when creating and processing dispersed-filled polymer composite materials (DFPCM).

It has been established that from the point of view of the decomposition process and the release of water by flame retardants at high temperatures, grades based on magnesium hydroxide with a particle diameter of more than ~10 μm are the most effective for the production of DFPCMs.

The possibility of obtaining a filament for 3D printing from plastic bottles based on polyethylene terephthalate is investigated. A preliminary heat treatment of the material is proposed, which allows obtaining a powder material with minimal energy consumption for dispersion. The temperature regime of material processing on an extrusion line based on a single-screw extruder with subsequent cooling of the melt before winding on coils is determined. Comparative strength tests of test samples based on the obtained material and commercial PETG were made.

Microwave treatment of epoxybasalt plastics was carried out at a power of 400 W and a duration of 24 sec. For the developed modified composites, an analysis of their climatic resistance according to GOST 9.708-83 was carried out for 1,3,6,9,12 months. According to the change in physical and mechanical parameters, resistance to the specified impact has been determined. As a result of climatic impact on microwave-modified epoxy-basalt plastics, the property retention index is more than 90%.