Using the glass-fi lled composites based on polysulfone domestic brand PSF-190 as an example, the problems of constructing of structure of dispersed-fi lled polymer composite materials (DFPCM) are considered for the fi rst time. The generalized parameters of disperse structures and their classifi cation according to the structural principle are taken into account. It was established for the fi rst time that the complex of physical-mechanical characteristics of DFPCM based on PSF-190 + glass fi ber is determined by the structure, type of lattice, packaging, and generalized parameters. The dependences of the physicomechanical characteristics of DFPCM on the generalized parameter of the dispersed structure (Θ) are given. It has been established that for medium-fi lled disperse systems (Θ = 0,60–0,45 v.f.) maximum physico-mechanical characteristics of the DFPCM are achieved at a content of short glass fi ber of 0,14–0,18 v.f. The compositions of domestic glass-fi lled polymeric composite materials based on domestic PSF-190 with specifi ed types of lattices, structures and generalized parameters, which are practically not inferior to foreign analogues by a set of operational properties, have been developed.

The structure, morphology, and physical and mechanical properties of nanostructured polymer-polymer mixtures based on polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride have been studied using IR-spectroscopy, X-ray diff raction analysis, optical and atomic force microscopy. The infl uence of the production method and the PE/PVC ratio on the elastic-strength properties of the composition is studied. It was found that the inclusion of a compatibilizer (block copolymer of PE with PVC) in the composition improves the compatibility of constituent components and the properties of the resulting compositions.

By interaction of tetrahydrofurfuryl ether of monochloroacetic and 3-chloropropionic acid with trihydrate of N,Ndiethyldithiocarbamate sodium there have been synthesized the corresponding s-(carbtetrahydrofurfuryloxy)alkyl-N,Ndiethyldithiocarbamates. The effi  ciency of the latter ones as plasticizers of the polymer compositions on the basis of polyvinyl chloride has been studied.

The eff ect of thickeners of various nature on the copolymerization of acrylonitrile and methacrylic acid in the presence of foaming agents (tert-butyl alcohol  N-methylformamide system) was studied. The conditions for the production of isotropic foamed nanocomposites based on polymethacrylimides, carbon nanotubes, nanosized zinc oxide and boron carbide in the presence of fi ne dispersed silicon oxide are determined. The eff ect of the concentration of fi llers on the physicomechanical properties of foams is shown.

The results of a study of the eff ect of talc dressed with organosilicon compounds on the physicomechanical properties of nanocomposites based on low-density polyethylene and a grafted copolymer of low-density polyethylene with maleic anhydride are presented. The ultimate tensile stress, tensile yield strength, elongation at break, Vicat softening temperature, melt fl ow index and the melting point of nanocomposites are studied. For a comparative assessment of the properties, the results of a study of composites based on a grafted copolymer and coarsely dispersed talc are given.

The paper presents the eff ect of carbon nanofi llers on the physicomechanical and thermophysical properties of polypropylene. Eff ective methods for homogenizing the system with the introduction of nanofi llers are proposed. The possibility of using carbon nanofi llers to create composites based on polypropylene with a set of controlled properties is shown.

Sodium form montmorillonite was obtained from natural clay from the Gerpegezh deposit (Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russia). A procedure has been developed for modifying the sodium form of montmorillonite using acrylamide. The structure of the organoclay was confi rmed by IR spectroscopy. Composites based on polypropylene and modifi ed montmorillonite are obtained by melt mixing on a twin-screw extruder from JiangsuXindaScience & Technology. The structure of the obtained composites was investigated using X-ray diff raction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results of testing the obtained composites, which were used to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties, are presented: the melt fl ow index, impact strength according to Izod, modulus of elasticity, ultimate strength and elongation at break. ICompared to unfi lled polypropylene, polymer composites with 3 wt.% organoclay are shown to increase: impact strength by 31.61% (without notch) and 12.8% (with notch of 5 mm); modulus of elasticity in bending by 8.3%; tensile modulus by 10,3%. When polypropylene is fi lled with 5 wt.% organoclay, the composites show increased: impact strength by 12.60% (without notch) and by 10.52% (with an notch of 5 mm); the modulus of elasticity in bending and tension are the same as in the previous case. A further increase in the content of organoclay to 7 wt.% leads to a slight decrease in mechanical properties. Acrylamide can be used as a modifi er of organic clay; it is easily accessible and cheap, used in large-scale production. The resulting composites can be used as structural materials.

The state of water in a natural polymer, wood, was studied by its eff ect on the dielectric parameters and currents of thermostimulated depolarization (TSD) of the adsorption system. It has been shown that surface wood hydroxyls do not play a signifi cant role in the adsorption of water, which occurs mainly in pores of varying volume. Interpretation of the behavior of the TSD currents showed that at the initial stage the polarization linearly depends on the water adsorption value, then this linearity is violated, which we associate with the onset of migration polarization.

The paper presents the results of studies of the infl uence of the new plasticizer DES M-2 on the physical, mechanical, technological and operational properties of plasticate PVC. The effi  ciency of using M-2 DES for PVC plasticization is shown. Practical recommendations are formulated that are necessary when compiling PVC compound materials and products using DES M-2.

Three groups of tear test methods are described: 1. Tear in tension with application of a special notch. 2. Continuous trouser tear. 3. Continuous trouser tearing using tear element. It is shown that the methods of determining the tear resistance allow revealing the properties of materials taking into account the orientation processes occurring in the materials under loading. Current set of methods allows assessment of low modulus thermoplastics and elastomers by tear resistance.

Technological and rheological characteristics of glass-fi lled polyphenylene sulfi des are investigated. Main processing window of injection moulding is determined. Examples of their practical application are given.

The article presents the results of experimental studies of the relationship between the characteristics of cutting modes and nature of chip formation for thermoplastics blanks. Caprolon and fl uoroplast-4 were used as the studied materials. It has been experimentally proved that the cutting depth has the maximum eff ect on the chip formation character when turning blanks from the studied polymer materials.

In this work, the regularities of the formation of a thickening in the zone of the rounded corner of composite parts made on the basis of aramid and carbon fi bers are established. The infl uence of the radius zone geometry and the type of reinforcing material on the mass and dimensions of the forming thickening is shown.

The epoxy resin and adhesive fi lm with energy-effi  cient molding process are considered in present paper. These materials are suitable for production of structural polymer composite products based on fi brous fi llers obtained by prepreg technology. They can be used in the aviation, space, automobile, shipbuilding, railway transport and other fi elds. 

Polymer mixtures of polyvinyl chloride with various classes of polymeric materials are considered. The classifi cation of mixtures is proposed. The compositions of the mixtures are given. The eff ect of introduced additives on the properties of polymers is determined. Examples of the practical use of polymer compositions are given.

The review of epoxy resins, produced by foreign companies and developed in foreign research institutions, which provide high temperature resistant polymers.