Preview

Plasticheskie massy

Advanced search

Thermal properties of materials based on ethylene vinyl acetate and various flame retardants during thermal oxidative degradation

https://doi.org/10.35164/0554-2901-2024-05-3-10

Abstract

The paper presents a comparative study of the influence of various flame retardants on the process of thermo-oxidative decomposition of ethylene vinyl acetate. The degree of influence of different groups of flame retardants on the thermal stability of the polymer composition, on the processes of ethylene vinyl acetate degradation at different stages in a wide temperature range is described. It was found that the flame retardants used tend to increase the thermal stability of the polymer composition, shift the intervals of polymer decomposition to a higher temperature region, while reducing the value of mass loss. Flame retardants form refractory and highly condensed phases that affect the process of outgassing during decomposition of polymer compositions.

About the Authors

A. A. Galiguzov
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation

Chemistry Department, Division of Chemical Technology and New Materials

Moscow



N. V. Yashin
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation

Chemistry Department, Division of Chemical Technology and New Materials

Moscow



V. V. Avdeev
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation

Chemistry Department, Division of Chemical Technology and New Materials

Moscow



References

1. Wang Y., Liu G., Zhang L., Sha J., Zhuo J. Influence of ammonium polyphosphate on flame-retardant behavior and smoke suppression property of EVA/magnesium hydroxide composites // Ferroelectrics. 2018. V.523. P. 1–13. DOI: 10.1080/00150.

2. Chang M.-K., Hwang S.-S., Liu S.-P. Flame retardancy and thermal stability of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer nanocomposites with alumina trihydrate and montmorillonite // Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 2014. V. 20. No. 4. P. 1596–1601. DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2013.08.004.

3. Xu S., Li J., Ye Q., Shen L., Lin H. Flame-retardant ethylene vinyl acetate composite materials by combining additions of aluminum hydroxide and melamine cyanurate: Preparation and characteristic evaluations // Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 2021. V. 589. P. 525-531. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.01.026.

4. Camino G., Maffezzoli A., Braglia M., De Lazzaro M., Zammarano M. Effect of hydroxides and hydroxycarbonate structure on fire retardant effectiveness and mechanical properties in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer // Polymer Degradation and Stability. 2001. V. 74. No. 3. P. 457–464. DOI: 10.1016/S0141-3910(01)00167-7.

5. Hoffendahl C., Fontaine G., Duquesne S., Taschner F., Mezger M., Bourbigot S. The combination of aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) and melamine borate (MB) as fire retardant additives for elastomeric ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) // Polymer Degradation and Stability. 2015. V. 115. P. 77–88. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.03.001.

6. Cao R., Deng Z.L., Ma Y.H., Chen X.L. Effect of EVA on thermal stability, flammability, mechanical properties of HDPE/EVA/ Mg(OH)2 composites // IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2017. No. 213. P. 1–8. DOI: 10.1088/1757899X/213/1/012002.

7. Zhang Y., Wang B., Sheng H., Yuan B., Yu B., Tang G., Jie G., Feng H., Taod Y., Hu Y. E nhanced fire-retardancy of poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) electrical cable coatings containing microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate as intumescent flame retardant // R SC Advances. 2016. No. 6. P. 85564–85573. DOI: 10.1039/C6RA15314C.

8. Tang M., Qi F., Chen M., Sun Z., Xu Y., Chen X., Zhang Z., Shen R. Synergistic effects of ammonium polyphosphate and red phosphorus with expandable graphite on flammability and thermal properties of HDPE/EVA blends // Polymers for Advanced Technologies. 2015. V. 27. No. 1. P. 52–60. DOI: 10.1002/pat.3596.

9. Du L., Qu B., Xu Z. Flammability characteristics and synergistic effect of hydrotalcite with microencapsulated red phosphorus in halogen-free flame retardant EVA composite // Polymer Degradation and Stability. 2006. V. 91. No. 5. P. 995–1001. DOI: 0.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.08.004.

10. Bourbigot S., Le Bras M., Leeuwendal R., Shen K.K., Schubert D. Recent advances in the use of zinc borates in flame retardancy of EVA // Polymer Degradation and Stability. 1999. V. 64. No. 3. P. 419–425. DOI: 10.1016/S0141-3910(98)00130-X.

11. Bourbigot S., Carpentier F., Le Bras M. Thermal Degradation and Combustion Mechanism of EVA-Magnesium Hydroxide-Zinc Borate. In Fire and Polymers. Hazards Identification and Prevention. Ed. by Nelson G.L. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2001. P. 173–185. DOI: 10.1021/bk-2001-0797.ch014.

12. Di H.-W., Deng C., Li R.-M., Donga L.-P., Wang Y.-Z. A novel EVA composite with simultaneous flame retardation and ceramifiable capacity // RSC Advances. 2015. V. 5. P. 51248–51257. DOI: 10.1039/C5RA05781G.

13. Wang Z.Z., Liu L., Jie G.X., Jiang P.K. Flame Retardance and Thermal Decomposition of EVA Composites Containing Melamine Phosphate and Dipentaerythritol // Advanced Materials Research. V. 284–286. P. 1831–1835. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.284–286.1831.

14. Sun H., Chen K., Liu Y., Wang Q. Improving flame retardant and smoke suppression function of ethylene vinyl acetate by combining the piperazine pyrophosphate, expandable graphite and melamine phosphate // European Polymer Journal. 2023. V. 194. P. 24. P. 112148. DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.112148.

15. Nyambo C., Kandare E., Wilkie C.A. Thermal stability and flammability characteristics of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) composites blended with a phenyl phosphonate-intercalated layered double hydroxide (LDH), melamine polyphosphate and/or boric acid // Polymer Degradation and Stability. 2009. V. 94. No. 4. P. 513–520. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.01.028.

16. Sultan B.-A., Sorvik E. T hermal Degradation of EVA and EBA-A Comparison. 1. Volatile Decomposition Products // Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 1991. V. 43. No. 9. P. 17371745. DOI: 10.1002/app.1991.070430917.

17. Marin M.L., Jimenez A., Lopez J., Vilaplana J. Thermal degradation of ethylene (vinyl acetate) // Journal of thermal analysis. 1996. V. 47. P. 247–258. DOI: 10.1007/BF01982703.

18. Costache M.C., Jiang D.D., Wilkie C.A. T hermal degradation of ethylene–vinyl acetate copоlymer nanocomposites // Polymer. 2005. V. 46. No. 18. P. 6947–6958. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.05.084.

19. Delfosse L., Baillet C., Brault A., Brault D. Combustion of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer Filled with Aluminium and Magnesium Hydroxides // Polymer Degradation and Stability. 1989. V. 23 No. 4. P. 337347. DOI: 10.1016/0141-3910(89)90056-6.

20. Сватиков А.Ю., Симонов-Емельянов И.Д. Термическая стабильность полимерных кабельных композиций с наполнителем-антипиреном // Тонкие химические технологии. 2018. Т. 13. №6. С. 35–41. DOI: 10.32362/2410-6593-2018-13-6-35-41.

21. Zhang L., Li C.Z., Zhou Q. Shao W. A luminum hydroxide filled ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) composites: Effect of the interfacial compatibilizer and the particle size // Journal of Materials Science. 2007. V. 42. No. 12. P. 4227–4232. DOI: 10.1007/s10853-0060630-6.

22. Ненахов С.А., Пименова В.П. Физико-химия вспенивающихся огнезащитных покрытий на основе полифосфата аммония (обзор литературы) // Пожаровзрывобезопасность. 2010. Т. 19. №8. С. 11–58.

23. Hu F., Cheng B., Cong K., Li D., Zhang W., Qin Z., Yang R. Enhancing Char Formation and Flame Retardancy of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (EVA)/Aluminum Hydroxide (ATH) Composites by Grafting Ladder Phenyl/Vinyl Polysilsesquioxane (PhVPOSS) // Polymers. 2023. V. 15. No. 15. P. 3312. DOI: 10.3390/polym15153312.

24. Wan L., Deng C., Zhao Z.-Y., Chen H., Wang Y.-Z., Wang Y.-Z. Flame Retardation of Natural Rubber: Strategy and Recent Progress // Polymers. 2020. V. 12. No. 2. P. 429. DOI: 10.3390/polym12020429.

25. Konig A., Fehrenbacher U., Kroke E. Thermal Decomposition Behavior of the Flame Retardant Melamine in Slabstock Flexible Polyurethane Foams // Journal of Fire Sciences. 2009. V. 27. N. 3. P. 187–211. DOI: 10.1177/0734904108099329.

26. Галигузов А.А., Яшин Н.В., Авдеев В.В. Термостойкость огнезащитных материалов на основе ПВХ-пластикатов различного состава // Пластические массы. 2023. №11–12. С. 21–25. DOI: 10.35164/0554-2901-2023-11-12-21-25.

27. Wenwei Z., Xiaoguang Z., Li Y., Yuefang Z. Jiazhen S. Determination of the vinyl acetate content in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers by thermogravimetric analysis // Polymer. 1994. V. 35. No. 15. P. 3348-3350. DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(94)90148-1.

28. Wang Z., Lv P., Hu Y., Hu K. Thermal degradation study of intumescent flame retardants by TG and FTIR: Melamine phosphate and its mixture with pentaerythritol // Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2009. V. 86. No. 1. P. 207–214. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2009.06.007.

29. Zhang Z.X., Zhang J., Lu B.-X., Xin Z.X., Kang C.K., Kim J.K. Modifying Specific Properties: Flammability – Flame Retardants // Composites Part B: Engineering. 2012. V. 43. No. 2. P. 150–158. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.06.020.

30. Hoffendahl C., Duquesne S., Fontaine G., Bourbigot S. Decomposition mechanism of melamine borate in pyrolytic and thermo-oxidative conditions // Thermochimica Acta. 2014. V. 590. P. 73–83. DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2014.06.016.

31. Fire Retardancy of Polymers New Strategies and Mechanisms. Ed. by Hull T.R., Kandola B.K. Cambridge: RSC Publishing, 2009. P. 10.

32. Wilkie C.A., Morgan A.B. Fire Retardancy of Polymeric Materials. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2010. P. 20.

33. Altay L., Sarikanat M., Saglam M., Uysalman T., Seki Y. The effect of various mineral fillers on thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of polypropylene // Research on Engineering Structures and Materials. 2021. V. 7. No. 3. P. 363–373. DOI: 10.17515/resm2021.258ma0213.

34. Malkappa K., Ray S.S. T hermal Stability, Pyrolysis Behavior, and Fire-Retardant Performance of Melamine Cyanurate@ Poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4′-sulfonyl diphenol) Hybrid Nanosheet-Containing Polyamide 6 Composites // ACS Omega. V. 4. No. 6. P. 9615–9628. DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00346.

35. Casu A., Camino G., De Giorgi M., Flath D., Morone V., Zenoni R. Fire-retardant mechanistic aspects of melamine cyanurate in polyamide copolymer // Polymer Degradation and Stability. 1997. V. 58 No. 3. P. 297–302. DOI: 10.1016/S0141-3910(97)00061-X.

36. Zhao P., Guo C., Li L. Flame retardancy and thermal degradation properties of polypropylene/wood flour composite modified with aluminium hypophosphite/melamine cyanurate // Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2018. V. 135. P. 3085–3093. DOI: 10.1007/s10973-018-7544-9.

37. Riva A., Camino G., Fomperie L., Amigouet P. Fire retardant mechanism in intumescent ethylene vinyl acetate compositions // Polymer Degradation and Stability. V. 82. No. 2. P. 341–346. DOI: 10.1016/S0141-3910(03)00191-5.

38. Yucesoy A., Tamer Y.B., Berber H. Improvement of flame retardancy and thermal stability of highly loaded low density polyethylene/ magnesium hydroxide composites // Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 2023. V. 140. No. 30. P. e54107. DOI: 10.1002/app.54107.

39. Xu B., Ma W., Bi X., Shao L, Qian L. S ynergistic Effects of Nanozinc Oxide on Improving the Flame Retardancy of EVA Composites with an Efficient Triazine-Based Charring Agent // Journal of Polymers and the Environment. V. 27. P. 1127–1140. DOI: 10.1007/s10924-019-01400-7.

40. Matula G., Tomiczek B., Krol M., Szatkowska A., Sotomayor M.E. Application of thermal analysis in the selection of polymer components used as a binder for metal injection moulding of Co–Cr–Mo alloy powder // Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2018. V. 134. P. 391–399. DOI: 10.1007/s10973-018-7543-x.

41. Levchik G.F., Selevich A.F., Levchik S.V., Lesnikovich A.I. Thermal behaviour of ammonium polyphosphate—inorganic compound mixtures. Part 1. Talc // Thermochimica Acta. 1994. V. 239. P. 41–49. DOI:10.1016/0040-6031(94)87054-3.


Review

For citations:


Galiguzov A.A., Yashin N.V., Avdeev V.V. Thermal properties of materials based on ethylene vinyl acetate and various flame retardants during thermal oxidative degradation. Plasticheskie massy. 2024;(5):3-10. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.35164/0554-2901-2024-05-3-10

Views: 474


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.


ISSN 0554-2901 (Print)